Reference

Guide | Reference

111  Seizure, Autoimmune, Infectious, and Neurodegenerative Mimics

Purpose. Flag neurologic or systemic conditions that can present as psychiatric syndromes.

111.1 Hallmark Signs

• New-onset psychosis, seizures, or rapidly progressive cognitive change.
• Fluctuating neurologic symptoms or focal deficits.
• Systemic signs (fever, weight loss, inflammatory markers).

111.2 High-Risk Contexts

• First-episode psychosis with neurologic signs.
• Immunocompromised patients.
• Older adults with cognitive decline.

111.3 Minimum Workup (by setting)

• Neurologic exam and vitals. [E0/U2]
• Coordinate urgent medical evaluation when indicated. [E0/U3]

WarningRed flags

• Seizure activity, catatonia, or rapid cognitive deterioration. [E0/U3]
• Suspicion of autoimmune encephalitis or CNS infection. [E0/U3]

Documentation Output. “Neurologic/infectious mimics considered.” Rationale for escalation or referral.